Isnull

isnull checks if a value is a null, a special kind of placeholder that’s used by a database when something is missing or unknown.

In Metabase, you must combine isnull with another expression that accepts boolean values. The table below shows you examples of the boolean value that will be passed to your other expression(s).

How Metabase handles nulls

In Metabase tables, nulls are displayed as blank cells. For example, in the Feedback column below, the blank cells could contain either:

• null: no feedback was submitted, so the customer’s thoughts are “unknown”.
• "": feedback was submitted and left intentionally blank, so the customer had “no feedback to give”.

Replacing null values with another value

Combine isnull with the case expression to replace “unknown” information with something more descriptive.

Let’s say that the first row’s blank cell is actually a null, so isnull will return true. The case statement evaluates true to return the first output “Unknown feedback”.

The second row’s blank cell doesn’t have a null, but we’re not sure what’s in it either—it could be an empty string, or even an emoji that blends into your table’s background. No matter what the edge case is, isnull will return false, and case will return whatever’s in the Feedback column as the default output.

Accepted data types

Limitations

• In Metabase, you must combine isnull with another expression that accepts boolean arguments (i.e., true or false).
• isnull only accepts one value at a time. If you need to deal with blank cells across multiple columns, see the coalesce expression.
• If isnull doesn’t seem to do anything to your blank cells, you might have empty strings. Try the isempty expression instead.

Related functions

This section covers functions and formulas that can be used interchangeably with the Metabase isnull expression, with notes on how to choose the best option for your use case.

• SQL
• Spreadsheets
• Python

All examples below use the table from the Replacing null values example:

SQL

In most cases (unless you’re using a NoSQL database), questions created from the notebook editor are converted into SQL queries that run against your database or data warehouse.

CASE WHEN Feedback IS NULL THEN "Unknown feedback",
     ELSE Feedback END

is equivalent to the Metabase isnull expression:

case(isnull([Feedback]), "Unknown feedback.", [Feedback])

Spreadsheets

Spreadsheet #N/As are the equivalent of database nulls (placeholders for “unknown” or “missing” information).

Assuming our sample feedback column is in a spreadsheet where “Feedback” is in column A, then the formula

=IF(ISNA(A2), "Unknown feedback.", A2)

is equivalent to the Metabase isnull expression:

case(isnull([Feedback]), "Unknown feedback.", [Feedback])

Python

Numpy and pandas use NaNs or NAs instead of nulls.

Assuming our sample feedback column is in a dataframe column called df["Feedback"]:

df["Custom Column"] = np.where(df["Feedback"].isnull(), "Unknown feedback.", df["Feedback"])

is equivalent to the Metabase isnull expression:

case(isnull([Feedback]), "Unknown feedback.", [Feedback])

Further reading

• Custom expressions documentation
• Custom expressions tutorial